Κεφάλαια βιβλίων http://hdl.handle.net/11728/27 2026-04-05T17:09:50Z 2026-04-05T17:09:50Z Kardoulia, Evanthia http://hdl.handle.net/11728/12441 2023-05-05T00:00:24Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Public and Private Tourism Law in Greece Kardoulia, Evanthia In Greek, the term “tourism” entered our national legislation for the first time with Law No. 4377/1929 “ On ratification of the 23 March 1929 Law Decree on a Greek organisation of Tourism” (Government Gazette 2 A´ 285), which saw the establishment of the Greek National Tourism Organisation (henceforth “ Greek National Tourism Organisation ” or “ GNTO ” ). Law No. 2160/1993 constitutes the first major modern legal act to establisha comprehensive set of regulations on tourism at the national level. A sizeableproportion of the provisions in the aforementioned law has been amended by various subsequent legal acts, while quite a few others have been repealed by law No. 4276/2014. With Law No. 4276/2014, the Greek legislator has moved towards the adoption of specific rules as regards special forms of tourism. The previously mentioned law is the latest basic tourism law and its regulations take precedence over every other previous provision which regulates the same sector, as pursuant to the principle lex posterior derogat priori (Article 2 Civil Code).

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Kardoulia, Evanthia http://hdl.handle.net/11728/12377 2023-04-07T00:00:14Z 2022-08-25T00:00:00Z

Package Travel Contract Kardoulia, Evanthia Package travel represents a significant part of the travel market. In November 2015, ‘Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements’ (hereinafter PTD) was adopted. This repealed ‘Directive 90/314/EEC of 13 June 1990 on package travel, package holidays and package tours’. The new Directive defines the concept of package travel contract as ‘a contract on the package as a whole or, if the package is provided under separate contracts, all contracts covering travel services included in the package’ (Article 3(3) PTD)

2022-08-25T00:00:00Z Tryfonidou, Alina http://hdl.handle.net/11728/12065 2022-01-11T01:00:13Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Free Movement of Persons, Services and Capital: Chapter 1 Workers Tryfonidou, Alina As is well-known, the first steps towards building what is today the EU were taken back in the 1950s and comprised the establishment of three Communities: the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established by the eponymous Treaty in 1952;1 the European Economic Community, created by the EEC Treaty in 1958; and Euratom, which was the result of the Euratom Treaty that also came into force in 1958. The ECSC had a rather narrow aim—that of establishing a common market in coal and steel; Euratom sought to create a platform for cooperation for the peaceful use of nuclear energy; and the EEC, which became the core of the European integration project, was aiming at the creation of a common market in goods, economic actors, services, and capital. Accordingly, as will be seen below, all three Communities included provisions that sought to safeguard and encourage the free movement of workers between the participating MS, as part of the process of establishing a common market.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Tryfonidou, Alina http://hdl.handle.net/11728/12064 2022-01-04T01:00:18Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Law and sexual minority rights in the EU: navigating a political minefield Tryfonidou, Alina Few issues incite as much controversy in contemporary politics as the recognition and protection of the rights of sexual minorities. The dominance of heterosexuality as the only legitimate form of sexual orientation and the silencing of all other discourses of sexuality have traditionally legitimised exclusionary laws and policies which completely ignored the existence of sexual minorities and relegated them to a second-rate position. In Europe, the first tentative steps towards the formation of an organised lesbian and gay liberation political movement were taken in the 1970s. Nonetheless, in the EU context, it took this political movement almost three decades before its efforts had begun to come to fruition, when the EU introduced its first legally binding instrument protecting sexual minorities from discrimination. This and other instruments have been interpreted by the CJEU in rulings which give mixed signals regarding the EU judiciary’s commitment to the protection of the rights of persons with non-heterosexual sexualities. In fact, it is not merely the EU judiciary’s stance on the rights of sexual minorities that has been mixed – overall, the EU’s approach to this issue has been ambivalent, which reflects the pressures exerted by the Member States in this field. This is due to the fact that the rights of sexual minorities are a contested terrain, where the struggles between the competing visions of ‘Europeanness’ and human rights, on the one hand, and national identity, morality and tradition, on the other, take place. This chapter will have as its main aim to examine the reasons that lie behind the EU’s ambivalent stance on the recognition and protection of the rights of sexual minorities. In particular, after analysing the protection currently offered to sexual minorities under EU law, the chapter will consider how the EU has navigated this political minefield and will seek to identify the main sites of interaction between law and politics when it comes to the recognition, respect and protection of the rights of persons with non-heterosexual sexualities.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z